{"id":1507,"date":"2016-05-07T20:01:28","date_gmt":"2016-05-07T18:01:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/zgodovinanadlani.si\/?p=1507"},"modified":"2018-02-04T15:02:41","modified_gmt":"2018-02-04T14:02:41","slug":"ustanovitev-kraljevine-srbov-hrvatov-in-slovencev","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zgodovinanadlani.si\/en\/ustanovitev-kraljevine-srbov-hrvatov-in-slovencev\/","title":{"rendered":"Ustanovitev Kraljevine Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Ustanovitev<\/a>
Slovenski narod, 3. december 1918decembra leta 1918 so v Beogradu razglasili ustanovitev Kraljevine Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev.<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Prvega decembra leta 1918 so v Beogradu razglasili ustanovitev Kraljevine Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Novonastala dr\u017eava je povezala ozemlje dober mesec dni stare Dr\u017eave SHS (ve\u010d glej here<\/a>) s Kraljevino Srbijo, ki se je nekaj dni pred tem \u017ee zdru\u017eila s \u010crno goro \u2013 danes bi dejanje \u0161tevilni \u010crnogorci ozna\u010dili za okupacijo.<\/p>\n

Oblasti Dr\u017eave SHS so bile v te\u017eki poziciji, saj dr\u017eava ni bila mednarodno priznana. Obenem so Italijani \u017ee napredovali proti vzhodu in pre\u010dkali mejo dolo\u010deno z Londonskim paktom, s katerim je antanta Italiji, v zameno za pridru\u017eitev zvezi, obljubila dele Avstro-Ogrske.<\/p>\n

Za \u010dim hitrej\u0161o zdru\u017eitev z Srbijo so se zavzemali predvsem hrva\u0161ki Srbi in njihov vodja Svetozar Pribi\u010devi\u0107. Ironi\u010dno je, da je bil kasneje prav Pribi\u010devi\u0107 eden najve\u010djih kritikov diktature kralja Aleksandra in umrl v izgnanstvu v Pragi. Ostali (slovenski in hrva\u0161ki) politiki so bili bolj previdni, saj so se zavedali velikosrbskih aspiracij, ki so segale v 19. stoletje in so podrobno opisane v knjigi Ilije Gara\u0161anina Na\u010dertanije.<\/p>\n

Velikosrbski interesi ovirajo zdru\u017eevanje<\/strong><\/p>\n

Idej in sklepov o povezovanju je bilo ve\u010d, najbolj konkretna pa je bila novembrska \u017eenevska konferenca leta 1918, na kateri so se predstavniki Dr\u017eave SHS, Jugoslovanskega odbora, srbske kraljeve vlade in srbske Narodne skup\u0161\u010dine dogovorili za zdru\u017eitev obeh dr\u017eav na federativni podlagi. Dr\u017eavnopravno ureditev bi po sporazumu z ustavo dolo\u010dila ustavodajna skup\u0161\u010dina, kar pa ni bilo po godu velikosrbskim hegemonisti\u010dnim interesom, zato je predsednik srbske vlade Nikola Pa\u0161i\u0107 z odstopom namero prepre\u010dil.<\/p>\n

Sledil je predlog Pokrajinske vlade za Dalmacijo v Splitu, v katerem se je ta zaradi italijanske nevarnosti zavzela za takoj\u0161njo zdru\u017eitev v jugoslovansko dr\u017eavo, ki bi bila za\u010dasno monarhija, po ureditvi pa kompromis med centralizmom in ohranitvijo pokrajinskih avtonomij.<\/p>\n

Zmaga centralizma in monarhije<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"Spomenik<\/a>
Spomenik kralja Aleksandra v Ljubljani. Vir: kamra.si<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V Sloveniji je najmo\u010dnej\u0161a prevojna Slovenska ljudska stranka (SLS) v skladu s svojim federalisti\u010dnim stali\u0161\u010dem predlog zavrnila, enako tudi socialdemokratska JSDS, medtem ko ga je liberalna Jugoslovanska demokratska stranka v celoti podprla. Podobno so sprva stranke zagovarjale tudi na seji osrednjega odbora Narodnega Vije\u0107a, kjer je na koncu vseeno ve\u010dinsko, vklju\u010dno z SLS in JSDS, prevladala odlo\u010ditev o zdru\u017eitvi pod za\u010dasnim regentstvom Aleksandra Kara\u0111or\u0111evi\u0107a. Ob tem so delegaciji, ki je bila poslana v Beograd na pogovore s srbsko vlado, nalo\u017eili naj podpre za\u010dasno monarhijo in specifi\u010dno obliko decentralizacije v okviru centralisti\u010dnega ustroja bodo\u010de dr\u017eave.<\/p>\n

Kljub temu je delegacija na pritisk njenega \u010dlana in podpredsednika Narodnega Vije\u0107a Svetozarja Pribi\u010devi\u0107a ter srbskega dvora popustila njihovemu vztrajanju na centralizmu in dedni monarhiji, ki sta novo dr\u017eavo Kraljevino SHS tako zaznamovala \u017ee od svojega prvega dne, 1. decembra 1918.<\/p>\n

Permanentna politi\u010dna in mednacionalna kriza<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kraljevina SHS je bila dr\u017eava v kateri so bili priznani le trije narodi \u2013 Srbi, Hrvati in Slovenci. Bila je tudi zelo raznolika skupnost, pri \u010demer so bile razlike vidne predvsem med naj\u0161ir\u0161imi, ni\u017ejimi sloji prebivalstva, manj pa med elitami. Politi\u010dna, gospodarska in kulturno-civilizacijska druga\u010dnost, ki so jo jugoslovanski narodi prinesli iz dotedanjih dr\u017eav, je za normalno delovanje dr\u017eave terjalo zmanj\u0161evanje razlik in poenotenje vsaj klju\u010dnih podro\u010djih. A razkorak je bil velik, denimo bruto proizvod slovenskih de\u017eel je bil leta 1910 skoraj trikrat ve\u010dji kot v ju\u017enih obmo\u010djih bodo\u010de kraljevine.<\/p>\n

Dr\u017eava je bila ekonomsko slabo razvita s \u0161tevilnimi ustavnimi te\u017eavami in nacionalnimi trenji. Vlade so se v obdobju med obema vojnama menjale kot po teko\u010dem traku, mesto predsednika vlade pa je razen v eni izjemi, ko je to postal Slovenec Anton Koro\u0161ec, pripadalo Srbom.<\/p>\n

Te\u017eave ni re\u0161ila niti kraljeva diktatura<\/strong><\/p>\n

Spori in trenja so vi\u0161ek dosegli junija 1928, ko je \u010drnogorski poslanec Narodne radikalne stranke Puni\u0161a Ra\u010di\u0107 streljal na poslance HSS in smrtno ranil poslance Hrvatske selja\u010dke stranke Stjepana Radi\u0107a, Pavleta Radi\u0107a in \u0110ura Basari\u010deka. Kralj je januarja 1929 uvedel diktaturo in dr\u017eavo preimenoval v Kraljevino Jugoslavijo, ki je obstajala do napada sil osi leta 1941.<\/p>\n

\u010cetrt stoletja po ustanovitvi Kraljevine SHS so se narodi Jugoslavije na II. zasedanju AVNOJ-a v Jajcu 29. novembra 1943 odlo\u010dili ukiniti centralisti\u010dno monarhijo in dr\u017eavo transformirati v federalno republiko s \u0161estimi enakopravnimi republikami.<\/p>\n

Danijel Osmanagi\u0107, Ale\u0161 \u0160afari\u010d<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Slovenski narod, 3. december 1918decembra leta 1918 so v Beogradu razglasili ustanovitev Kraljevine Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1511,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[884,1],"tags":[591,349,113,590,331,112,592],"class_list":["post-1507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-prispevki","category-uncategorized","tag-anton-korosec","tag-drzava-shs","tag-jugoslavija","tag-kralj-aleksander","tag-kraljevina-jugoslavija","tag-kraljevina-shs","tag-svetozar-pribicevic"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUstanovitev Kraljevine Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev - Zgodovina na dlani<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Na dana\u0161nji dan pred 97 leti so v Beogradu razglasili ustanovitev Kraljevine Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/zgodovinanadlani.si\/en\/ustanovitev-kraljevine-srbov-hrvatov-in-slovencev\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ustanovitev Kraljevine Srbov, Hrvatov in Slovencev - 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